Hordhac ku saabsan faahfaahinta PCIe 5.0

• Hordhac ku saabsan faahfaahinta PCIe 5.0

Faahfaahinta PCIe 4.0 ayaa la dhameeyay 2017, laakiin ma aysan taageerin aaladaha macaamiisha ilaa taxanaha AMD's 7nm Rydragon 3000, iyo markii hore kaliya alaabada sida supercomputing, kaydinta xawaaraha sare ee heerka-shirkadda, iyo aaladaha shabakadu waxay adeegsadeen tignoolajiyada PCIe 4.0.Inkasta oo tignoolajiyada PCIe 4.0 aan wali lagu dabaqin miisaan ballaadhan, ururka PCI-SIG ayaa muddo dheer soo saarayay PCIe 5.0 oo degdeg ah, heerka signalka ayaa labanlaabmay 16GT/s ee hadda jira ilaa 32GT/s, xajmigu wuxuu gaari karaa 128GB/ s, iyo nooca 0.9/1.0 qeexitaanka waa la dhammaystiray.Nooca v0.7 ee qoraalka caadiga ah ee PCIe 6.0 ayaa loo diray xubnaha, horumarinta halbeegguna waxa uu ku socdaa wadada.Heerka biinanka ee PCIe 6.0 ayaa la kordhiyey oo la gaadhsiiyey 64 GT/s, taas oo 8 jeer ka badan PCIe 3.0, xadhkaha xadhkaha xadhkaha x16 waxa uu ka weynaan karaa 256GB/s.Si kale haddii loo dhigo, xawaaraha hadda ee PCIe 3.0 x8 wuxuu u baahan yahay hal kanaal PCIe 6.0 si loo gaaro.Ilaa hadda sida v0.7 ay khusayso, PCIe 6.0 waxay gaadhay inta badan astaamaha markii hore lagu dhawaaqay, laakiin isticmaalka korantada ayaa wali sii wanaajinaya.d, iyo halbeeggu wuxuu dhawaan soo bandhigay qalabka qaabeynta korantada L0p.Dabcan, ka dib ku dhawaaqista 2021, PCIe 6.0 waxaa laga heli karaa ganacsi ahaan 2023 ama 2024 marka ugu horeysa.Tusaale ahaan, PCIe 5.0 waxaa la ansixiyay 2019, waana hadda oo kaliya in ay jiraan kiisas codsi.

Marka la barbardhigo tilmaamihii hore ee caadiga ahaa, faahfaahinta PCIe 4.0 ayaa soo daahday.Tilmaamaha PCIe 3.0 waxaa lagu soo bandhigay 2010, 7 sano ka dib soo bandhigida PCIe 4.0, sidaas darteed nolosha faahfaahinta PCIe 4.0 waxay noqon kartaa mid gaaban.Gaar ahaan, iibiyeyaasha qaar ayaa bilaabay inay naqshadeeyaan aaladaha lakabka jirka ee PCIe 5.0 PHY.

Ururka PCI-SIG wuxuu rajeynayaa in labada heer ay wada noolaadaan in muddo ah, iyo PCIe 5.0 waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa aaladaha waxqabadka sare leh ee leh shuruudaha wax soo saarka sare, sida Gpus ee AI, aaladaha shabakada, iyo wixii la mid ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in PCIe 5.0 ay tahay Waxay u badan tahay inay ka soo muuqdaan xarumaha xogta, shabakada, iyo deegaanka HPC.Aaladaha leh shuruudaha bandwidth yar, sida kombuyuutarrada, waxay isticmaali karaan PCIe 4.0.

PCIe 5.0, heerka signalka ayaa laga kordhiyey PCIe 4.0's 16GT/s ilaa 32GT/s, iyadoo wali la isticmaalayo 128/130 encoding, iyo x16 bandwidth ayaa laga kordhiyey 64GB/s ilaa 128GB/s.

Marka lagu daro laba-laabashada xajmiyeedka, PCIe 5.0 waxay keentaa isbeddello kale, beddelidda naqshadda korantada si loo hagaajiyo daacadnimada calaamadaha, dib-u-qabsiga PCIe, iyo in ka badan.Intaa waxaa dheer, PCIe 5.0 waxaa loogu talagalay heerar cusub oo yareynaya daahitaanka iyo calaamadaynta masaafo dheer.

Ururka PCI-SIG wuxuu rajeynayaa inuu dhammaystiro nooca 1.0 ee qeexitaanka Q1 sanadkan, laakiin waxay horumarin karaan heerar, laakiin ma xakamayn karaan marka aaladda terminalka lagu soo bandhigo suuqa, waxaana la filayaa in PCIe 5.0 ee ugu horreeya Aaladaha ayaa soo bixi doona sanadkan, alaabooyin badana waxay soo muuqan doonaan 2020. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baahida loo qabo xawaaraha sare ayaa keentay jirka caadiga ah si uu u qeexo jiilka xiga ee PCI Express.Hadafka PCIe 5.0 waa in la kordhiyo xawaaraha heerka wakhtiga ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah.Sidaa darteed, PCIe 5.0 waxaa loogu talagalay inay si fudud u kordhiso xawaaraha PCIe 4.0 iyada oo aan lahayn astaamo kale oo muhiim ah.

Tusaale ahaan, PCIe 5.0 ma taageerto calaamadaha PAM 4 oo waxaa ku jira oo kaliya sifooyinka cusub ee loo baahan yahay si loo suurtageliyo heerka PCIe si uu u taageero 32 GT/s wakhtiga ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah.

Caqabadaha Hardware

Caqabadda ugu weyn ee diyaarinta badeecada taageerta PCI Express 5.0 waxay la xiriiri doontaa dhererka kanaalka.Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee heerka signalka, ayaa kor u kacaya inta jeer ee sidaha signalka lagu kala qaado looxa PC.Laba nooc oo dhaawac jireed ah ayaa xaddidaya ilaa xadka ay injineeradu faafin karaan calaamadaha PCIe:

· 1. Attenuation of channel

2. Milicsiga ka dhaca kanaalka sababtoo ah xannibaadda xannibaadda biinanka, xirayaasha, godadka iyo dhismayaasha kale.

Faahfaahinta PCIe 5.0 waxay isticmaashaa kanaalo leh -36dB attenuation at 16 GHz.Inta jeer ee 16 GHz waxay u taagan tahay inta jeer ee Nyquist ee 32 GT/s calaamadaha dhijitaalka ah.Tusaale ahaan, marka calaamada PCIe5.0 bilaabato, waxaa laga yaabaa inay lahaato korantada caadiga ah ee ugu sarreysa ilaa 800 mV.Si kastaba ha noqotee, ka dib markaad ka gudubto kanaalka -36dB ee lagu taliyey, wax u eg isha furan ayaa lumaya.Kaliya adoo codsanaya isleeg ku salaysan gudbiye (de-accentuating) iyo sinaanta qaataha (isku-darka CTLE iyo DFE) ayaa calaamada PCIe5.0 ka gudbi kartaa kanaalka nidaamka oo si sax ah loogu fasiri karaa qaataha.Dhererka isha ugu yar ee la filayo ee calaamada PCIe 5.0 waa 10mV (is-siminta ka dib).Xataa iyada oo la adeegsanayo gudbiyaha-jitter-ka hooseeya ee kaamil ku dhow, feejignaanta weyn ee kanaalka ayaa yareyneysa baaxadda calaamadda ilaa heer ay ka dhacdo nooc kasta oo kale oo waxyeello calaamad ah oo ay keento milicsiga iyo hadalka isdhaafka la xiri karo si loo soo celiyo isha.